TEACHER SELF-EFFICACY IN A CLASSICAL CHRISTIAN ENVIRONMENT VERSUS A TRADITIONAL CHRISTIAN ENVIRONMENT by

....................................................................................................................... II Dedication .............................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................v List of Tables ...........................................................................................................x List of Figures ........................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................1 Background ..............................................................................................................1 Classical Education ..................................................................................................2 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................6 Purpose Statement ....................................................................................................7 Significance of the Study .........................................................................................8 Research Questions ..................................................................................................9 Research Question 1 ....................................................................................9 Research Question 2 ....................................................................................9 Null Hypotheses .......................................................................................................9 Null Hypothesis 1 ......................................................................................10 Null Hypothesis 2 ......................................................................................10 Definitions ..............................................................................................................10 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................13 Definition and Historical Precursors of Classical Christian Education .................14 Socrates ......................................................................................................15 Plato ...........................................................................................................16 vii Aristotle ......................................................................................................17 Quintilian ...................................................................................................17 St. Augustine of Hippo ..............................................................................18 Classical Education in the 20th Century ................................................................18 Contemporary Theoretical Frameworks of Classical Christian Education ............20 Adler ..........................................................................................................20 Hicks ..........................................................................................................22 Wilson ........................................................................................................23 Sayers .........................................................................................................23 Wise Bauer .................................................................................................24 Overview of Classical Christian Education ...........................................................25 Characteristics of Classical Christian Education .......................................26 Classical Christian Education Curriculum: Trivium ..................................28 Classical Christian-Education Curriculum: Quadrivium ...........................32 Classical Christian Education Curriculum: The Teaching of History ........35 Classical Christian Education: Student Outcomes .................................................35 Classical Christian Pedagogy .................................................................................37 Need for Study .......................................................................................................38 Social-Cognitive Theory ............................................................................39 Concept of Locus of Control ......................................................................42 Theory of Teacher Self-Efficacy ...............................................................44 Measurement of Teacher Self-Efficacy .....................................................51 Summary ................................................................................................................54